Bone Marrow Aspirate & Biopsy

Key points about bone marrow aspirates and biopsies

• bone marrow is like a factory that produces blood cells for the body
• a bone marrow aspirate is a test to see if blood cells in your child's bone marrow are healthy
• the test will also show whether cancer cells have spread to the bone marrow from another part of the body
• a bone marrow biopsy (trephine) is a test to study a piece of spongy bone marrow
• the biopsy will help find out if the bone marrow cells are healthy and whether there are any cancer cells

What is bone marrow?

What is a bone marrow aspirate?

A bone marrow aspirate is a test to see if blood cells in your child's bone marrow are healthy. The test will also show whether cancer cells have spread to the bone marrow from another part of the body. A doctor or nurse will put a needle into the bone (usually the hip bone) and pull a small sample of liquid marrow into the syringe. Staff at the laboratory will test the marrow for cancer cells.

What happens during a bone marrow biopsy (trephine)?

A bone marrow biopsy is a test to study a piece of spongy bone marrow. The biopsy will also help find out if the bone marrow cells are healthy and whether there are any cancer cells. A doctor or nurse will put a needle into the bone (usually the hip bone) and remove a small piece of the spongy bone marrow. Staff at the laboratory will then study the marrow for cancer cells.

Will my child be asleep during their bone marrow aspirate or biopsy?

In most cases, both bone marrow aspirates and biopsies happen while your child is asleep - they have a general anaesthetic.

What will happen after my child's bone marrow aspirate or biopsy?

Afterwards, a small dressing will cover the area of the needle prick. The anaesthetist or another doctor can arrange medicine for any discomfort. Sometimes there can be a small amount of bleeding from where the needle was, but this is not common.

The nurse will change your child's dressing and show you how to press on the area to stop the bleeding. After the procedure, your child will sleep in a bed in the ward or the day stay area. Nurses will then keep an eye on them until they are fully awake. Your child will stay in the ward or day stay area until they can eat and drink and are feeling OK.

Before going home, the nurse will give instructions about removing the dressing. They will also give advice on preventing discomfort.

How can I care for my child at home after their bone marrow aspirate or biopsy?

Take the dressing off 24 hours after the procedure. Follow the directions your nurse gave you in hospital.

Phone the hospital straightaway and tell the doctor or nurse on the ward if you notice any of these in the needle prick area:

• redness
• heat (feels warmer than skin in other parts of the body)
• fluid oozing out

If you are worried, take your child's temperature. If it is 38 degrees Celsius or higher, phone the hospital straightaway and tell the doctor or nurse on the ward. If your child needs pain relief, follow the instructions your nurse gave you in hospital.

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