G6PD deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) can cause jaundice at any age, including in newborn babies. It mostly affects males. It is inherited. It is more common in babies with parents of Asian, African, or Mediterranean descent. 

In G6PD deficiency, red blood cells may break down (haemolyse). This leads to more bilirubin being produced than normal and a high chance of jaundice. 

See page about jaundice in babies [1].